List of Chapters
Pathophysiology of Hospital Acquired Pneumonia
Author(s) : Priyam Batra*; Purva Mathur
Pneumonia is an infection of the pulmonary parenchyma resulting from the invasion and overgrowth of microorganisms in the lung parenchyma, break down of host defenses leading to intra-alveolar exudates. Microorganisms gain access to the lower respiratory tract in several ways. The most common being aspiration from the oropharynx [1].
Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of VAP in Adult ICU Patients
Author(s) : Priyam Batra*; Purva Mathur
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is defined as pneumonia that develops after 48–72 hours of endotracheal intubation [1]. VAP accounts for nearly 50% of HAIs occurring in 10-30% of ventilated patients. VAP has been associated with increased mortality, morbidity, duration of mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay. The VAP rate ranges from 1.2 to 8.5 per 1000 ventilator days. It accounts for nearly 50% of the ICU antibiotic prescription [2]. Thus, the early diagnosis of VAP is important for initiating good effective early prophylactic therapy.
Measures for Prevention of VAP in ICU Patients
Author(s) : Priyam Batra*; Purva Mathur
Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), the most commonly ICU acquired infection, affects 10-30% of ventilated patients and accounts for 25% ICU infections. Any patient on mechanical ventilation (MV) has the risk of developing VAP, and the risk is maximum during the first 5 days, being 3% per day. After understanding the VAP pathogenesis, as described in the previous chapter, the designing of preventive measures in easier. The Institute of Healthcare Improvement developed the VAP prevention bundle which includes head end elevation...
