ISBN: 978-93-87500-16-7
Editors:
1. Giovanni De Caridi
Vascular system is also known as Circulatory system/ Cardiovascular System. Cardiovascular System contains heart, blood and blood vessels which help in blood circulation throughout the body. Most common abnormalities of Vascular System are: High Blood Pressure, Stroke, Cardiac Arrest, Arrhythmia, Congenital heart disease, Coronary artery disease, Congestive heart failure.
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Published Chapters:
Age-associated Arterial Remodelling and Cardiovascular Diseases
Author(s): Andy WC Man; Yu Wang*
Arterial remodelling is a major risk factor for a variety of age-related diseases and represents a potential target for therapeutic development. During ageing, the structural, mechanical and functional changes of arteries predispose individuals to the development of diseases related to vascular abnormalities in vital organs such as the brain, heart, eye and kidney. For example, aortic stiffness increases nonlinearly with advancing age – a few percent prior to 50 years of age but over 70% after 70 years of age. The elevated stiffness in large elastic arteries leads to increased transmission of high pressure to downstream smaller blood vessels, in turn affecting the microcirculation and end-organ functions. Meanwhile, the augmented remodelling of small arteries accelerates central arterial stiffening. This chapter is to provide an overview of age-associated changes in the arterial wall and their contributions to both central and peripheral vascular abnormalities associated with ageing. Therapeutics that specially target the different aspects of arterial remodelling are expected to be more effective than the traditional medications, particularly for the treatment and management of vascular ageing-related diseases.
Ameliorative Potential of Curcumin Phytosome in Streptozotocin induced Vascular Dementia in Danio rerio
Author(s): Arunachalam Muthuraman*; Narahari Rishitha
Curcumin is major principal curcuminoid found in turmeric and in various medicinal plants. It has numerous numbers of pharmacological actions like anti-oxidant, cell cycle regulation; ions channel modulators and vascular integrity. The present study is designed for the evaluation of curcumin phytosome (CP) in streptozotocin induced vascular dementia (VaD) in Danio rerio. The vascular dementia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 350 mg/kg). The pre-treatment of curcumin CP (20 and 40 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered for 28 consecutive days. The reference control i.e., insulin (10 mM/kg) and donepezil (10 mg/kg) was also administered for 28 consecutive days. The sign of VaD i.e., learning and memory levels were evaluated with different behavioural tests like light & dark chamber test; partition preference test; three (horizontal) compartment tests; and T-maze test. In addition, the STZ induced biochemical changes such as glucose & homocysteine levels in plasma; and acetylcholinesterase activity, lipid peroxidation & reduced glutathione levels in brain samples of zebrafish were assessed. The CP found to possess the attenuating effect in STZ induced VaD along with alterations of biochemical changes. This effect is similar to that of reference control i.e., donepezil pre-treated group. Therefore, this CP can be used as future natural medicine for various neurovascular disorders like VaD due to its potential anti-hyperglycemic, reduction of homocysteine, anti-lipid peroxidative, anti-oxidative and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory actions.
Therapeutic Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle of Cycloastragenol in Streptozotocin Induced Vascular Dementia in Danio rerio
Author(s): Narahari Rishitha; Arunachalam Muthuraman*
Cycloastragenol is a molecule isolated from disparate species in the genus Astragalus purported to have telomerase activation activity. It has numbers of pharmacological actions like anti-oxidant, cell cycle regulation; ions channel modulators and vascular integrit. The present study is designed for the evaluation of Cycloastragenol (CAG) in streptozotocin induced vascular dementia (VaD) in Danio rerio. The vascular dementia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 350 mg/kg). The pre-treatment of cycloastragenol CAG (20 and 40 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered for 28 consecutive days. The reference control i.e., insulin (10 mM/kg) and donepezil (10 mg/kg) was also administered for 28 consecutive days...
Popliteal Artery Aneurysm
Author(s): José Aderval Aragão*; Felipe Matheus Sant’Anna Aragão; Iapunira Catarina Sant’Anna Aragão; Roberto Ximenes Filho; Antônio Carlos do Amorim Júnior; Fabio Guilherme Gonçalves de Miranda; Francisco Prado Reis
From the peripheral aneurysms, those of the popliteal artery are the most common ones, corresponding to 70-80% of the cases. They frequently occur on male patients older than 60 years, asymptomatic, and about 50% are bilateral. The presence of a popliteal artery aneurysm can be suspected by the physical exam when there is an increased pulsatility on the popliteal fossa. However, when this palpable mass is not pulsatile, it is necessary to exclude important diferential diagnoses, such as benigntumors (lipomas and fibromas), synovial hernias (Baker’s cyst) and acute abcess, besides deep vein thromboses...
The Venous Diseases of Lower Limbs. A Concise Guide
Author(s): Raffaele Grande*; Alessandro Carra; Luigi Marcuccio; Silvio Vitale; Lucia Butrico
Venous thromboembolism and chronic venous disease of lower limbs are the pathological conditions with the highest epidemiological impact in industrialized countries. Although they are very frequent in daily clinical practice, the diagnosis and treatment of the various diseases is not always easy to manage. The purpose of this work is to propose a simple guide that illustrates the cardinal and updated principles of the management of venous diseases of the lower limbs to the various medical personalities who approach the venous problems of the lower limbs.
